Everything about Philip Iii Of France totally explained
Philip III (
30 April 1245 –
5 October 1285), called
the Bold, was the
King of France, succeeding his father,
Louis IX, and reigning from
1270 to
1285. He was a member of the
House of Capet.
Born in
Poissy, to
Louis IX (the later
Saint Louis) and
Marguerite of Provence, Philip was prior to his accession
Count of Orleans. He accompanied his father on the
Eighth Crusade to
Tunisia in 1270. His father died at
Tunis and there Philip was declared king at the age of 25. Philip was indecisive, soft in nature, timid, and apparently crushed by the strong personalities of his parents and dominated by his father's policies. He was called "the Bold" on the basis of his abilities in combat and on horseback and not his character. He was
pious, but not cultivated. He followed the dictates of others, first of
Pierre de la Broce and then of his uncle
Charles I of Sicily.
After his succession, he quickly set his uncle on negotiations with the emir to conclude the crusade, while he himself returned to France. A ten-year truce was concluded and Philip was crowned in France on
12 August 1271. On
21 August, his uncle,
Alfonso,
Count of Poitou,
Toulouse, and
Auvergne, died returning from the crusade in
Italy. Philip inherited his counties and united them to the
royal demesne. The portion of the Auvergne which he inherited became the "
Terre royale d'Auvergne," later the
Duchy of Auvergne. In accordance with Alfonso's wishes, the
Comtat Venaissin was granted to the
Pope Gregory X in
1274. Several years of negotiations yielded the
Treaty of Amiens with
Edward I of England in
1279. Thereby Philip restored to the English the
Agenais which had fallen to him with the death of Alfonso. In
1284, Philip also inherited the counties of
Perche and
Alençon from his brother Pierre.
Philip all the while supported his uncle's policy in Italy. When, after the
Sicilian Vespers of
1282,
Peter III of Aragon invaded and took the island of Sicily, the
pope,
Martin IV, excommunicated the conqueror and declared his kingdom (put under the suzerainty of the pope by
Peter II in
1205) forfeit. He granted Aragon to
Charles, Count of Valois, Philip's son. Philip intervened in the Navarrese succession after the death of
Henry I of Navarre and married his son,
Philip the Fair, to the heiress of Navarre,
Joan I.
In 1284, Philip and his sons entered Roussillon at the head of a large army. This war, called the
Aragonese Crusade from its papal sanction, has been labelled "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy." On
26 June 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before
Gerona in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken on
7 September. Philip soon experienced a reversal, however, as the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of
dysentery. Philip himself was afflicted. The French retreated and were handily defeated at the
Battle of the Col de Panissars. The king of France himself died at
Perpignan, the capital of his ally
James II of Majorca, and was buried in
Narbonne. He currently lies buried with his wife
Isabella of Aragon in
Saint Denis Basilica in
Paris.
In
the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Philip's spirit outside the gates of Purgatory with a number of other contemporary European rulers. Dante doesn't name Philip directly, but refers to him as "the small-nosed" and "the father of the Pest of France."
Marriage and children
On
28 May 1262, Philip married
Isabella of Aragon, daughter of
James I of Aragon and his second wife
Yolande of Hungary, daughter of
Andrew II of Hungary, and had the following children:
- Louis (1266 – May 1276)
- Philip IV (1268 – November 29, 1314), successor as king
- Charles (March 12, 1270 – December 16, 1325), Count of Valois
After Isabella's death, he married on
21 August 1274,
Marie de Brabant, daughter of
Henry III of Brabant and Adelaide of Burgundy. Their children were:
Louis (May 1276 – May 19, 1319), Count of Évreux
Blanche (1278 – March 19, 1305, Vienna), married Rudolf III of Austria on May 25, 1300
Marguerite (1282 – February 14, 1317), married Edward I of England
Ancestors
Further Information
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